The meeting focused particularly on the role of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria with a presentation and subsequent discussion about the role of the Country Coordinating Mechanisms in guiding the Global Fund’s work. Country Coordinating Mechanisms provide a key opportunity for organisations supporting street children or advocating for their rights to lobby for the inclusion of street children in Global Fund proposals.

What is the Consortium for Street Children?

The Consortium for Street Children was established in 1993 and is a network of 52 UK-based NGOs – including the Alliance. It works globally through its network of local partners, aiming to improve the quality and stability of projects serving children, and to prevent further generations of children from being forced to live and work on the street.

The Alliance and the Consortium for Street Children have been working closely since 2005, when the Consortium formed an HIV working group, which it co-chairs with the Alliance.

How do we define street children?

There is no set definition of what constitutes a street child; the Consortium aims to describe rather than define them.

The term ‘street children’ can include those living on the street full time, children working on the street, or children who are at risk of living or working on the street. In addition, the circumstances of street children may change at any time. This also makes judging their numbers very difficult.

Street children and HIV

The meeting between the Consortium for Street Children and the Alliance was an opportunity to consider the ways in which HIV impacts on street children, and several key issues arose. Alex Dressler, the Consortium’s director, highlighted the absence of street children from the agenda of international movements to support orphans and other children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS. As he pointed out, the relatively small numbers of street children means that their needs are often superseded by those of larger groups, such as orphans, or children living in families affected by HIV. While they may not form a large population, street children are one of the most marginalised groups when it comes to accessing HIV-related services and support. Kate Harrison, senior technical advisor for children at the Alliance, pointed out that care for orphans and vulnerable children often evolves from home-based care programmes – which by their very nature are poorly suited to reaching children who live or work on the street.

Studies have shown that street children are more likely to be sexually active at a younger age, and some studies have suggested that HIV prevalence is higher among street children. They are unlikely to use testing and counselling or treatment services, access to which often depends on consent from a parent or guardian and a stable, supportive home life.

Street children are in great need of HIV prevention services, but rarely receive them. When it comes to targeting services, street children cannot be compartmentalised as a single group – what we define as key populations (such as injecting drug users and sex workers/clients) can also include street children who inject drugs and street children in the sex industry.

Such difficulties in classification underline the issues that many street-children-focused NGOs have with providing and targeting information and services about HIV and sexual health issues. Such organisations need technical support to enable them to develop supportive knowledge, skills and attitudes.

Humana People to People is an international organizations working for the street children issues. and upon the street children education

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The World Declaration on Education for All[2] states that “An active commitment must be made to remove educational disparities. Undeserved groups [including street children] should not suffer any discrimination in access to learning opportunities”.

Street children are highly concentrated in countries with struggling economies, but are also present in developed countries. Regardless of their location, they face hardships and exploitation. Street children are generally deprived of their right to education and have little or no access to the formal education system. The majority of them are illiterate and have either never been enrolled, or have dropped out of the formal education system and it is difficult to secure funding for the kind of informal education which suits street children’s lives.

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• The main barrier to successful programmes is our own attitude.
• The main resource in any project is the children themselves.

Adults tend to assume they know what is best for children. But street children who have been taking a good deal of responsibility for themselves often have very definite ideas about what is best for them. The problem is that few people listen to them or use their skills and abilities.

Gathering information

Before beginning plans for any project, information should be gathered.

• Which groups of children are most at risk?
• Which groups of children are receiving least help?
• Which of these groups are you best able to help?
• What further information is needed about these children before starting to plan a project?

Some people argue that there is no need for research – the important thing is to act immediately and rescue these children.

However, children deserve help that is appropriate to their own individual surroundings and situation. They deserve solutions that will be long-lasting, that will not end if funding fails.

Research should be based on observing street children and their activities and spending time with them. Most children are rightly wary of anyone with a survey or clipboard – what will they get out of answering a lot of questions? A simple toy such as a yo-yo is a good way of attracting attention. Just hanging around with children over a period of time, joining in their games or quietly talking with them, without a camera or notebook, is the best way to make contact.

Provide a service

Providing a simple service can be an important way of building up contacts with street children. SABANA (in the Philippines) noticed that children had to buy water by the glass. This meant that they drank less than they needed. So the project arranged for barrels of water daily. The children could drink and even wash their hands. Slowly they began to drift in and get to know the staff.

They discovered their first priority was a place to rest out of the sun and a flat space where they could play. Project workers cleared the area around their building and enclosed it with a fence of discarded bed springs. Attracted by footballs and simple games, the children began to flock in.

Project options

There is a very important point to follow as a guide:

The emphasis should not be on making children leave the streets or stop work, but on increasing the range of choices available to them and helping them make their own decisions.

However, the desire to rescue children quickly and get them off the streets is common, especially among donors.

SHELTERS AND DROP-IN CENTRES

Shelters are places where children can feel relaxed, safe and comfortable. They are places where children can talk to each other and to project workers, knowing they will be listened to and heard. They are not places where they should be talked at or preached to! A major decision is whether or not to provide night shelters. It is at night that children experience the greatest dangers and yet night shelter can only be provided for small numbers, and project workers have to provide care 24 hours a day.

There is usually no need to build special purpose buildings. Sometimes buildings can be ‘borrowed’ during night hours or there may be derelict buildings which can be repaired, rooms in health centres, churches, mosques or temples which can be used. Whatever is found, it should be in keeping with the way people in the surrounding community live. Simple accommodation sited where the street children live, is best.

Consider making small charges for providing food, rather than providing free handouts. In Redd Barna’s Sri Lanka project, food is charged at cost. Staff report that children are well aware of the cost of food and appreciate the need to buy in bulk to keep costs low. They advise staff to buy with care and also do some of the shopping themselves. They keep account of the cost, change and quality of the food. Everything can become a learning experience!

HEALTHCARE

Street children rarely have correct information about illness or their own bodies. Simple healthcare is best provided on the streets, free of charge. Preventive healthcare is important but it needs to be fun and relevant. Encourage the use of drama and puppets by the children to put over health messages themselves. Help the children to understand their own bodies and take responsibility for their health. Children’s sexual experiences need to be discussed in a non-judgemental way. The fight against drug abuse will provide huge frustrations and may not be appropriate until a child is guaranteed future security.

EDUCATION

Children are expected to be in schools, so education is usually an important part of projects for street children. Older children cannot be expected to fit into a formal school system using books and lessons designed for five year olds. More participatory methods of learning are needed, especially at the beginning. Education does not need a classroom or even a building – pavement schools are common in India. Teaching needs to be sited where the children are and timetables need to be really flexible. Drama, song, puppets, mime, drawing and modelling can all be used. Let children make their own books – starting with pictures cut out of magazines, explaining to each other why they have chosen them. Use the discussions to help the children understand why they live the lives they do. This is the first step towards changing their lives.

Build up links with Ministry of Education staff and local teachers. You will need to find ways to help children eventually reenter the formal system.

VOCATIONAL SKILLS

Many training schemes are not linked to the job market and do not provide employment placements or follow up.

Before introducing such training or using a government training programme ask these questions:

• What skills are really needed on the local job market?
• What courses are already available in the local area? Could your students attend these if they were helped to upgrade their reading and writing skills first?
• What can be done to help students find employment?

PROTECTING WORK OPPORTUNITIES

In different parts of the world, projects have helped self-employed children improve their working conditions by:

• providing a space where the work can take place, such as a car wash scheme or shoe shine shop where the children will not have to pay adults for such space.

A simple toy such as a yo-yo is a good way of attracting attention.

• providing secure places where tools and goods can be kept overnight
• improving skills so that goods are better made
• help and training with business skills and credit and loan schemes
• providing savings schemes. (In Colombo, children sleep with their money in their mouths.)

Dealing with theft and damage

It hurts when children steal or damage property that was provided to help them. It is a frequent problem. First you need to assess the damage, and then think about why the damage occurred. Was it really the children themselves or was it outsiders, older youth or the public trying to destroy the project? If it was the children, try and find out why and then involve the children in the process of justice and repairing the damage. Such damage occurs in all projects. Deal with it, then pick yourself up, dust yourself off and start all over again.

When bad things happen it is all too easy to feel the work is not worthwhile. But when you reach low points there are often reminders of success, usually from the children – a small gift, a friendly gesture from a kid who notices you are feeling low, a wave from a girl who left last year and is doing well in school. It is worth carrying on!

       Now a days Humana people to people is one of the orgaisation which is working for the street children educaton in all over the world din diffrent countries. so if u want to gather more information about it then u visit to – http://humana.org

Street children describes children who live or work on the streets. Some of these children live with their families (who are also living on the streets). Other street children live and work on the streets but do not live with their families. The term can also include child labourers, sexually-exploited children, and war-affected children, who may also be forced to live or work on the street. The children’s relationship to the street varies. Some live and work with their parents on the streets. Some return home at night, but work independently during the day. Others maintain their family contacts, but are forced to spend most of their time on the streets and return home once in a while to spend a night with their family. Still others sleep and live entirely on the streets of the big cities without any family contact at all: often they have left home due to abuse. They sleep in abandoned buildings, under bridges, in doorways, or in public parks.

How many are there?

The global figure for children living and working on the world’s city streets is likely well over 100 million children. And that number rises every day. About 40 percent of them are homeless. These children may support only themselves or their homeless families. The other 60 percent work on the streets to support their families, but have a home to return to.
These young people range in age from three to eighteen. Most of them are in developing countries. Street children are mainly boys, but the number of girls is increasing.

street children throughout the world are abused—and sometimes murdered—by police, other authorities, and individuals who are supposed to protect them. Those with some family links spend their lives on the streets selling trinkets, shining shoes, begging, working with their families, or washing cars to supplement their families’ income. Most never go beyond the fourth grade. Those without direct family contact often create family and security by living in groups with other children. They may also sell small items, or undertake manual labour. When there are no other means of survival, street children with and without formal family contacts may resort to petty theft and prostitution for survival. Street kids may prostitute themselves because they need the money, because they are looking for praise they can’t get anywhere else, or because their families, or family contacts, force them into this activity. They are extremely vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Child prostitutes can be boys or girls, but are more often girls. Up to 90 percent of street children use psychoactive substances, including medicines, alcohol, cigarettes, heroin, cannabis, and readily available industrial products such as shoe or cobblers’ glue and paint thinner. The potent fumes of these cheap and easily available inhalants hit a part of the child’s brain that suppresses feelings of hunger, cold, and loneliness. Solvent-based narcotics offer them an escape from reality. But they must exchange their temporary highs for physical and psychological problems—hallucinations, pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation and swelling in the lungs), kidney failure, irreversible brain damage and, in some cases, sudden death.

Today’s youth will become the largest generation to enter adulthood. By 2025, six out of ten urban dwellers are expected to be under 18 years of age. Ignoring the rights of street children threatens human development around the world.
Street children deserve respect. They are valuable members of society. Some street children run thriving businesses, supporting themselves, their families, and other children. We must hear their voices, listen to their stories, and learn from them. We need to recognize that children and youth are full of imagination, desires, and hopes and that they must be involved in decisions that affect their lives.

They need access to counselling, information, knowledge, skills, and a supportive community to protect themselves from harm, help them move off the street, and take back control of their future. They also need better access to health and safety services—medical care, legal aid, and food—and business training so they can develop safe and more profitable ways of earning money.

Humana People to People is one organization working for education of the street children.

The war in Angola resulted in children being displaced in their own country. Families live in unhealthy conditions with no or bad water supply, over crowding and no sanitary facilities which results in the spread of diseases like cholera, tuberculosis and typhoid. Such conditions coupled with illiteracy, unemployment and lack of social services make it difficult for families to account for or take care of their children. Children often wondered off to fend for themselves on the streets. When these children grow up they are likely to turn to crime, drugs abuse, alcohol and prostitution.

The Street Children’s Schools are seen as a viable way to deal with children living on the streets or children who come from troublesome backgrounds. Since the children come from economic difficult circumstances, many of them do not get a good nutritious meal, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate at the activities offered at school. A good meal is offered to the children everyday on condition that they start intellectual development. The kitchen ladies secure the food, plan the meals, cook and serve the food under hygienic conditions. The school is in contact with the children’s families so that if there are problems at home, which disrupt the children from attending school, the School Official will deal with them.

Street Children’s School in Benguela enrols children aged between 12 and 18 years. Classes start from the 1st grade to the 6th grade. By the end of the 6th grade and the 4th year of the school program, young people should have a vision or idea about what they intend to do in future. Old students can finalise 1st to 6th grade in 4 years including vocational training.

The school teaches subjects that are part of the education curriculum in Angola. Subjects offered at the school are Portuguese, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography, Moral Education, Arts Education and Physical Education. Each of these subjects have their basic skills but they are headlines for other interesting topics that through deeper investigation students can learn a lot about the world and how to create living conditions for everyone. The theme for the first year of education s “The Community,” second year is “Angola, the third year is “The world” and the fourth year is “The Future.” In the morning the students are taught the subjects and in the afternoon they take part in clubs

Vocational skills are offered from the 5th grade and the program includes carpentry and sewing lessons that continue into 6th grade. Students can use the kills acquired from vocational training to get employment or start their own income generating projects.

The school is in constant contact with the community and its programs have an impact on the community as a whole. The school runs cleaning campaigns and malaria awareness campaigns. The cleaning campaigns are held regularly. Students pick up the garbage in the surrounding community and burn it. The activities and knowledge disseminated at the campaigns benefits the community. The school keeps the children away from the street and teach them to be responsible people, preventing them from engaging in criminal activities in the community. The school offers sports activities like football, basketball and volleyball and competes against other schools.

Teachers at the school are tasked with the job of teaching, inspiring, challenging and taking care of the students. The teachers bring the students in the process of development; they keep an eye on each one of them and know what sort of progress each student has made.

The school has a program to fighting HIV and AIDS. A special teacher called a Hope Teacher teaches HIV/AIDS class. The Hope Teacher is responsible for planning the lessons in all classes, organising and running the Hope Club and organising HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns at the school and in the community. The Hope Club trains students to be Hope activists. These students are at the forefront of organising HIV/AIDS campaigns in the community. The Hope Club at the school works together with ADPP Hope Project.

The Street Children’s School has its own library. Material for the library has been collected over the years. English language has proved to be a very popular subject at the school. English lessons are offered to all classes and the school’s Development Instructor teaches the classes.

The challenge for the future is to offer a full program at the school. The vocational program needs to be developed so that the students can run income-generating projects at the school while being trained. The school plans to introduce adult evening classes. There are plans to offer community centre activities such as teaching about the world, health, hygiene and showing educational films.

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‘Roshan Rasta Club’

has changed the life of Mohammad Ashfaq, 14, a street child hailing from Gujrawala who landed in difficult circumstances in the red light area of Lahore after being living in Karachi for some time.

Ashfaq now is a

peer educator

at the Club and

knows much of safe sex practices and other preventive measures to safe himself as well as other fellow street children

. Earlier, while in Karachi, he used to live with other street children and has been working as rag picker. He used to spend his earning on drugs such as glue, a kind of cheap sniffing material which is originally used in wood works/furniture making but is sniffed by a large majority of street children. He also used to be heroin addict for short span of time.

He never thought of safe sex practices while in the red light area despite being vulnerable to sexual abuse.

When contacted by ‘Roshan Rasta Club’, Ashfaq reluctantly accepted his risk behaviour such as drug sharing and sexual gratification for money. Roshan Rasta Club has changed him completely as he continues with his rag-picking earnings but with an income saving approach.

To have a direct intervention and contact with the street children in the red light area of Lahore, ActionAid Pakistan has supported the initiative of setting up of ‘Roshan Rasta Youth Club’.

This club provides basic HIV/AIDS and STI educational services to more than hundred young people. They have also been given knowledge about safe sex practices (promotion and distribution of condom).

The club also acts as a community club for the youth where children/youth can spend time and involve themselves in healthy recreational activities. A trained counselor supervises the youth club activities and imparts counseling sessions. It helped to develop a better self-image and more healthy attitudes towards life and HIV/AIDS/STIs prevention among young people.

This project was designed in a way that local young people are actively involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of the project to inculcate among them the feelings of ownership of Rosha Rasta youth club.

This initiative is part of Action Aid Pakistan’s programme that

focuses on youth development and health awareness to check HIV/AIDS risk factors among street children

and female sex workers. The focus on youth is because they form major chunk of population. The 1998 population census shows 62.50% of population comprises children and youth below 24. They are largely deprived of opportunities for health education and self development.

A number of organizations have been working with Commercial Sex Workers in the Red light Area of Lahore to imparting them knowledge and skills and to enabling them to reduce their vulnerability towards HIV/AIDS/STIs. But they

did not target male youth/street children of the red light area

as they are equally vulnerable to risk of HIV/AIDS and STIs.

The Action Aid’s project on HIV/AIDS targets underprivileged and emotionally distressed

street children and provide information to them on male issues of sex workers in the read light area

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The hotel management declined to comment on the incident.
Two days ago, World Social Forum organisers were forced to waive entry fees for participants after Nairobi slum dwellers staged a demonstration against the charges.
Participants were originally being asked to pay a 500 Kenyan shillings ($7) accreditation fee.
“We are now not charging anybody, the event is free so that many people can participate,” Boniface Beti, the event’s media officer, told the BBC.
Mr Beti also said hawkers had recently been allowed in to sell cheap food to participants as up until a few days ago five-star catering firms had dominated business.
Tens of thousands of people are attending the World Social Forum, which is being held at the same time as the World Economic Forum – hosted in the Swiss town of Davos.
At Davos, the world’s largest corporations are discussing business and hammering out trade deals, while the Kenyan event is addressing a wide spectrum of the world’s social problems – including poverty

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UNICEF has defined three types of street children: Street-Living, Street-Working, and Street-Family.  Children from street families are children who live on the streets with their families, while street working children are children who spend most of their time working in the streets and markets of cities, selling or begging, fending for themselves but returning home on a regular basis.  They are sometimes referred to as market children³.

Street living children are children who may have lost their families through war or illness, or have been abandoned because they had become too much of a burden, or else ran away from their abusive, dysfunctional, poverty-stricken families and now live alone on the streets.  There they are further traumatized by the abuse, rejection and indifference of the societies in which they live.  They work, living and sleeping in the streets, often lacking any contact with their families.  It is not unusual to see children as young as four or five years old working in the street, selling chewing gum, matches or trinkets.  These children are at highest risk of murder, constant abuse and inhumane treatment.  They often resort to petty theft and prostitution for survival.  They are extremely vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.  Most of them are addicted to inhalants such as shoe glue and paint thinner, which cause kidney failure, irreversible brain damage and, in some cases, death³.

Without education they have little hope of getting a decent job or building a better life in the future.  Children may be lured by the prospect of a more exciting life in the city or a chance to earn money. The reality is that they usually live in terrible conditions with no one to protect them and often no record that they even exist.  They can easily end up working for little pay in dangerous conditions. They are at risk of sexual abuse and exposure to sexually transmitted infections.  Some turn to drugs as a way of coping, or crime as a means to survive, which involves them with the police. While many police are just doing their jobs, others harass or take advantage of vulnerable street children.  There are cases in Latin America where street children have been murdered by police who are ‘cleansing’ what they see as a social nuisance⁴.

In a poor developing country, a child with learning disabilities is often abandoned and ends up living on the streets and likely to be targeted for abuse and exploitation.  In one report, a teenager with Down’s Syndrome was observed living alone on a building site, in a half-built house, with four stray dogs for company. He slept on a filthy mattress and used an empty tin can as a cup.  He was surviving completely on his own, without the help of the local authorities.  He survived by begging for food in a nearby bus station.  Other scenarios leading to abandonment are domestic violence, family breakup, and economic migration of the parents⁵.

Most of the children come from difficult situations, and the majority of the kids are not the cute, innocent children used on the covers of sponsorship brochures.  A few kids are cute, but most street kids are thankless, rude, dirty, diseased, scar-faced, shifty-eyed, lice infested, suspicious, smelly, and have rotten teeth⁸.  They live on the street and they absorb the filth of the gutter.  Within days they are on drugs – glue as a minimum.  They put the glue into bottles, and hide it under their tee shirts, guarding it with their lives.  They sniff it constantly because it gets them high and masks their loneliness and gives them security.  Soon they are on to harder drugs.  City officials initiate campaigns to get rid of them.  They are the victims of violence. They disappear.  Hooligans shoot them.  Their bodies are found on dumps and in the gutter⁹

In the central area of Mexico City there are 11,172 street children. 1,020 live in the street and 10,152 work there⁷.  In Nepal, it is estimated there are over 900 street children in Katmandu alone, and over 5,000 in Nepal as a whole.  While on the street, the children suffer hunger, disease and emotional scars, and are at risk of falling victim to sexual exploitation⁸.  They beg, steal, and sell themselves for a hot meal, a hot shower, a clean bed.  Living on the edge of survival, they are often swept up in an undertow of beatings, illegal detentions, torture, sexual abuse, rape, and murder¹

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Their home is in a tunnel running under the city that forms part of a network carrying hot water pipes.

There is no natural light – just a few candles on the walls. Rubbish is strewn across the floor.

And there are children who say they are 16, but look no older than 10, sniffing glue from bags.

These children say this “home” is their best option.

It is an option taken by 2,000 children in Romania, according to official statistics. But children’s charities believe the figure is a woeful underestimate.

‘A tragedy’

In the economic chaos following the collapse of communism, poverty has forced many onto the street to beg, steal and survive in any way they can.

Group leader Joby, 21, says he has lived in the tunnel for nine years.

“I do not wish anyone to be in this situation,” he said.

“Everyone here would like to have their own family and home. The children on the street are my family – they are my brothers.”

But poverty is joined by another factor. Romania is in the midst of great change and is aiming to end its reputation for neglect and abuse of children.

The large orphanages – which stand as infamous remnants of former leader Nicolai Ceausescu’s era – are to be closed. International adoption has effectively been banned.

These measures must be achieved by 2007 if Romania wants to join the European Union.

The goals are admirable.

But corruption is rife and the infrastructure is shaky to non-existent in Romania. And charity workers say the measures result in many children being turned out of orphanages.

They are returning to violent homes or entering badly monitored foster care – and then ending up on the streets, charities say.

“From my point of view… it is a tragedy that we don’t find the right way of doing it,” said Marian Zaharia of City of Hope.

‘Sold like animals’

City of Hope was set up a decade ago. It says it deals with 200 street children in this district of Bucharest alone.

Mr Zaharia estimates that 90% of children are raped on their first night – and older children use the younger ones to beg and steal for them.

But he is most concerned by the increased targeting of these children by traffickers and paedophiles.

“They are taken in a car and sold like an animal, and used for prostitution in different houses,” he said.

He did not believe how bad the problem was until he discovered an illegal brothel near his sister’s house.

“He had girls, starting with eight- or nine-year-olds – most of them coming up off the street,” Mr Zaharia said.

Vulnerable girls

The Romanian government acknowledges the problem of child sex abuse, but it says the situation is worse in other countries.

It also says the numbers of street children are going down.

United Nations rapporteur on child prostitution and trafficking Juan Miguel Petit disagrees.

He has just finished a two-week fact-finding tour of Romania, where he says he was shocked to find that girls were being kidnapped by force.

“Many of them were vulnerable girls who were told lies and were told they were going to France or Spain,” he said.

“This is a desperate situation.

“You can imagine the future of these kids in months, weeks or even years.”

He says that praise is due to the government for its efforts to reform, but he is far from convinced that the new methods of care are working.

“Romania is still in a risk situation because the basic transformations haven’t happened,” he said.

Hunger pangs

Back in the tunnel, all but one of the candles have blown out. The heat and stench of the glue used by the children is unbearable.

Christian, 16, says the street children use this drug because it suppresses hunger pangs.

He ended up on the street after leaving an orphanage where he was beaten and forced to beg by an older gang.

“I told the directors of the orphanage, but they didn’t help me because the gang gave them money and drink,” he said.

Toughness is all in this world. A momentary lapse can mean perpetual victimhood.

Geena, who is 16 and dressed like a boy, lets slip that she used to get beaten up when she was first on the street. She quickly recovers herself.

“I’ve never been harmed. Just one time I fell over in the street, but that’s just because I fainted,” she said.

The Romanian government says past action to help street children has been ineffective, but there are now better co-ordinated programmes.

But what worries charities like City of Hope is that of the 36,000 children currently in orphanages, a third are due to be moved out in the next year alone to keep Romania on course in child reform.

If the infrastructure for good foster care and smaller homes is not there – and with international adoption about to be banned – they fear many more Geenas, Christians and Jobys could arrive on the street.

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